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Keywords

Bongkrekic acid, Biofluids, Clinical analysis, Diagnosis, LC-MS/MS

Abstract

Bongkrekic acid (BKA) poisoning is a severe foodborne illness with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to identifyBKA in postmortem tissues from poisoning victims in Taiwan and to develop a reliable analytical method for detectingBKA in biofluids to aid clinical diagnosis and treatment. BKA was identified in postmortem samples using high-reso-lution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and confirmed with an independent ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatographycoupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method. To meet clinical needs, a UHPLC-MS/MS methodwas developed and validated for BKA detection in plasma and urine. Method optimization included adjustments to ionsource conditions for multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions and avoidance of glass vials due to BKAadsorption onto free silanol groups. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a 50-mm Hypersil Gold C18 col-umn within a 6-min run time. The validated UHPLC-MS/MS method successfully detected BKA in biofluids, enablingits application in identifying victims of foodborne poisoning. The method demonstrated high accuracy and efficiency,facilitating timely diagnosis and aiding in treatment strategies for critically ill patients. The developed UHPLC-MS/MSmethod provides a reliable approach for detecting BKA in clinical and forensic settings. Its implementation enhancesdiagnostic capabilities, improves patient outcomes, and supports monitoring of toxin elimination in cases of BKA poisoning.

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Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.

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